ÿþ<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type"> <title>hallockville museum farm contact us</title> <link href="StyleSheet1.css" rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <br> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="header"><img alt="hmf" src="banner_080331.jpg"></div> <div id="leftcol"> <ul> <li>About Hallockville </li> <ul> <li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li> <li><a href="events_calendar.html">Events Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="farm_campus.html">Farm Campus</a></li> <li><a href="history.html">History</a></li> <li><a href="site_facilities_rental.html">Site Facilities Rental</a></li> <li><a href="fall_festival.html">Fall Festival</a></li> <li><a href="news_letter.html">News Letter</a></li> <li><a href="staff_board.html">Staff and Board</a></li> <li><a href="contact_us.html">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="links.html">Links</a></li> </ul> <li>Education Programs</li> <ul> <li><a href="school.html">School Programs</a></li> <li><a href="summer_camp.html">Summer Camp Programs</a></li> </ul> <li>Visiting Hallockville</li> <ul> <li><a href="hours.html">Hours</a></li> <li><a href="directions.html">Directions</a></li> <li><a href="gift_shop.html">Gift Shop</a></li></ul> <li>Join Hallockville</li><ul> <li><a href="membership.html">Membership &amp; Giving</a></li> <li><a href="volunteering.html">Volunteering</a></li></ul> </ul> </div> <div id="content"> <h1>HISTORY OF HALLOCKVILLE: THE MUSEUM FARM, THE NEIGHBORHOOD AND THE SURROUNDING LAND INCLUDING JAMESPORT STATE PARK</h1> <p>Richard Wines</p> <p>Revised, July 23, 2008</p> <a name="tabcont"></a><h1>Table of Contents</h1> <ul> <li><a href="#sec01">Introduction: Hallockville, the KeySpan Property and Jamesport State Park</a></li> <li><a href="#sec02">Pre-history and Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="#sec03">The 17th and 18th Century: Puritan Settlers</a></li> <li><a href="#sec04">The American Revolution at Hallockville</a></li> <li><a href="#sec05">A Local Battle in the War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="#sec06">Hallocks on the Land: A Nine-generation Story</a></li> <li><a href="#sec07">Archaeological Sites, Ponds and the Shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="#sec08">Polish Immigrant Farmers Achieve Success</a></li> <li><a href="#sec09">A Side Business for Some Farmers: Prohibition and Rum Running</a></li> <li><a href="#sec10">The Farmscape and Woodlands of the KeySpan Property</a></li> <li><a href="#sec11">Camp William Carey</a></li> <li><a href="#sec12">Riverhead Harbor Industrial Park:  A Sand Mine in Disguise </a></li> <li><a href="#sec13">LILCO s Nuclear Power Plants</a></li> <li><a href="#sec14">Founding of the Hallockville Museum</a></li> <li><a href="#sec15">The Sound Avenue Historic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="#sec16">Efforts at Preservation of the  KeySpan Property </a></li> <li><a href="#sec17">A Deal to Preserve the Farmland and Create Jamesport State Park</a></li> <li><a href="#sec18">Update 2008</a></li> <li><a href="#sec19">Postscript: Jamesport vs. Northville, the Story of Shifting Place Names</a></li> <li><a href="#sec20">Acknowledgements and Sources</a></li> </ul> <a name="sec01"></a><h1>Introduction: Hallockville, the KeySpan Property and Jamesport State Park</h1> <p>The story of Hallockville includes Native Americans, Puritans, Polish immigrants and many others who have touched this land. It includes the men and women who tilled the soil, fished off its shores and lived off its bounty  and those who attempted to develop it. They all had a vision for the future  whether it was of providing rich farms for their descendents or inexpensive nuclear power for the region. And, whatever their vision for the land, they left behind visible evidence of their presence, ranging from prehistoric artifacts and historic farm buildings to the detritus of modern industrial operations. What follows is their story.</p> <p>In the late 20th century, the approximately 520 acres in the northeast corner of Riverhead Town and a small portion of adjacent Southold Town came to be known as the  KeySpan Property. It included about 300 acres of farmland, 200 acres of woodland ( mostly old fields and second-growth forest) and over 5,000 feet of shorefront on Long Island Sound, backed by high bluffs of sand and clay. Some parts of this area were highly disturbed by recent activities, but it also included the pristine Hallock Pond and large areas of wooded and semi-wooded wildlife habitat. In the first decade of the 21st century, this became the site of a remarkable preservation story that created Jamesport State Park and permanently prevented development on the adjacent farmland. The area referred to in the 19th century as  Hallockville because of the presence of so many Hallock families is approximately the same as the 20th century  KeySpan property. Consequently, we can treat the histories of both as parts of a single narrative. <a href="#tabcont">Return to Table of Contents</a></p> <a name="sec02"></a><h1>Pre-history and Native Americans</h1> <p>The land itself was largely shaped during the Wisconsin glacial period. When the glaciers that once covered northern North America finally receded about 15,000 years ago, they left behind massive terminal moraines. The high bluffs along the Sound, peaking at 112 feet, are composed of huge boulders, sand and clay bulldozed by the glacier from Connecticut and Massachusetts. The Sound shore is where the glacier stopped on its final advance  what geologists call a terminal moraine. Streams running off the glacier deposited material in an  outwash plain that gradually slopes southward towards Great Peconic Bay. The layers of sand and clay deposited by that glacier are the sources of the rich soils that made Long Island such a productive agricultural region.</p> <p>Long before the Hallocks or other Puritan settlers came into the region, Native Americans occupied what is now the KeySpan property. About 1975 the Long Island Lighting Company (LILCO) commissioned anthropologists John F. Vetter and Bert Salwen to undertake an  Archaeological Reconnaissance as part of the environmental impact study in preparation for building nuclear power plants planned for the site. Vetter and Salwen conducted subsurface tests on the southwest side of Hallock Pond and found a variety of  aboriginal artifacts including knives, scrapers, projectile points, hammerstones and grinding stones. Based on their limited excavations, the archaeologists determined that the site  represents a series of Late Archaic and Transitional occupations dating back to at least 1500 B.C. They concluded that the area near the pond was  a rich archaeological resource and that its preservation was  extremely important. They even recommended nomination to the National Register of Historic Places.</p> <p>Vetter and Salwen also identified another site, covering about 15 acres running along the eastern boundary of the property halfway between Sound Avenue and the shoreline of Long Island Sound. On or near the surface they found numerous artifacts  suggesting one or more Late Archaic occupations. Irving Downs, who farmed near that area until the 1960 s, had an extensive collection of arrowheads and other aboriginal artifacts he picked up there, again confirming the intensity of Native American occupation. In their report, Vetter and Salwen also recommend that this part of the property not be disturbed. <a href="#tabcont">Return to Table of Contents</a></p> <a name="sec03"></a><h1>The 17th and 18th Century: Puritan Settlers</h1> <p>The entire KeySpan property was part of the Town of Southold, which stretched all the way west to Wading River, until Riverhead was finally set off as a separate town in 1792. Originally, the area was common land belonging to all of the citizens of Southold, who were mostly part of the large-scale 1630s Puritan exodus from England. In 1661, however, the freeholders met in a town meeting and decided to divide the area called  Aquebogue into forty lots running from  sea to sea  i.e., from Long Island Sound on the north to Great Peconic Bay on the south. This  First Aquebogue Division covered the area starting at the  Canoe Place at the head of Mattituck Inlet and running west almost to Union Avenue. The KeySpan property includes parts of nine allotments, each of which was 40 rods (660 feet) wide.</p> <p>The Hallockville Museum Farm s 28 acres are located on allotments originally granted to John Sweasy (the Homestead farm) and Barnabas Wines (the Cichanowicz farm). William Hallock received two allotments just to the east of the current Riverhead-Southold border. Running west from there across the KeySpan parcel, lots were granted to Edward Petty, John Swezey, Barnabas Wines, Barnabas Horton and the  Widow (Margaret) Cooper. Grants were distributed according to wealth, with the richer inhabitants getting more lots. Except for Barnabas Wines, who received only one and John Swezey who received four, each of these individuals received two lots apiece. All of these men and women were from the  first families of Southold and most have streets named for them somewhere on the North Fork.</p> <p>The borders dividing the allotments were known as  eleven o clock lines, supposedly because of the direction of the sun s shadows at that time of the day. More likely this was a surveyor s term for a line that was 30 degrees west of magnetic north  or at the 11-oclock position on the compass dial. These 17th century lines, intended to be roughly perpendicular with the shores of Long Island Sound and Great Peconic Bay, still determine the east and west boundaries of the KeySpan property. Most of the numerous old boundaries, farm roads and hedgerows on the property today also still follow these  eleven o clock lines and are visible legacies of that first survey done back in 1661. Indeed, the hedgerow separating the Museum Farm s two fields is actually the 1661 boundary between the lands of Barnabas Wines and John Swasey.</p> <p>William Hallock was the first settler in the entire First Aquebogue Dividend, according to Virginia Wines s booklet,  West from the Canoe Place. William was the only son of Peter Hallock, supposedly one of the original Puritan settlers of Southold in 1640. Peter lived in what is now Southold Village, but his son William moved to his Aquebogue allotment shortly after its granting in 1661 and built a house on what is now called Hallock Lane, about half a mile east of the museum. The mid-19th century house of George Omar Hallock, a direct descendant, is now on the site about half a mile north of Sound Avenue. All of the Hallocks in America are probably descendants of William. Indeed, at Hallock family reunions, participants wear nametags indicating which of William s sons  Thomas, Peter, William or John  they are descended from. Remarkably, a chart of William s descendants prepared in 1906 listed over 3,600 descendants. At that rate, there would probably be close to a quarter million descendants another century later in 2008!</p> <p>None of the other original owners in the Hallockville area ever lived on their Aquebogue allotments. Generally, it was not until the second or third generation that their descendents spread as far west as the Aquebogue lands. Most likely, Richard Howell (1654-1709) was the earliest person to settle on the KeySpan property itself. In 1675, his father-in-law, William Hallock, also his stepfather, gave him a 20-rod wide strip on the far west edge of his two allotments, running from Sound to Bay. The north end of this strip is now the eastern-most part of the Keyspan property (see Figure 1). The deed stipulated that  Richard Howell shall not lett or farme said land to any person or persons but to such as shall be approved by the neighborhood to be honest, peaceable and quiet. </p> <p>A surviving payment record indicates that Richard Howell built a house on that property in 1678. According to the story passed down in the Howell family, when the property was subsequently surveyed, after the east line was run  south of the swamp, the surveyor discovered that the house was straddling the line. Consequently, it was necessary for Howell to buy a 4-rod-wide jog to the east that can still be seen on survey maps of the KeySpan property.</p> <p>Howell s house must have stood near the east line of the KeySpan property, south of the jog in the property line and south of the wetlands that still exist in the area (house # 2 in Figure 1). The first house was some 2,000 feet north of the early-19th century Howell house still standing on Sound Avenue (house # 14 in Figure 1). Indeed, the current house may incorporate portions moved from the original house. The Howell family gradually acquired more land to the west and continued to live on the farm, now part of the KeySpan property, for more than 250 years until the last family member living there died in 1951.</p> <p>Although Sound Avenue, then known as the  Road to Setauket was already in use, like most late-17th and early-18th century houses in the area, Howell s house was located in a spot convenient to water, rather than along the road. Howell s father-in-law, William Hallock, who probably had built his own house well back from Sound Avenue for similar reasons. The Hallock house was only a few hundred yards east of Howell s house may have been another reason Howell settle on that part of his almost-four-mile long strip of land.</p> <p>One of John Swezey s grandsons, Richard Swezey (1690-1782), was likely the second Southolder to settle on the KeySpan property. He inherited the northern half of his grandfather s original Aquebogue allotments. In 1718, shortly after Richard s marriage to Elizabeth Parshall, he received a quitclaim deed to the property from his brother. The young couple likely built a house on the property about that time. The 1776 and 1778 censuses list him between Samuel Hudson, who lived just west of the KeySpan property, and Jonathan Howell, a grandson of Richard Howell, on the east.</p> <p>Capt. Zachariah Hallock (1760-1820), a great-great grandson of William Hallock, who grew up in the old Hallock house on Hallock Lane, bought this farm, including a small house, from two of Richard Swezey s daughters in separate transactions in 1780 and 1783. So, it is quite likely to have been the old Swezey house into which Zachariah moved his own young family. According to family recollection, this home was near a pond that has since disappeared, in a low spot still visible on the topographical map about 2,000 feet north of Sound Avenue on the east line of the farm that belonged to the Trubisz family in the 20th century, just east of the current Hallockville Museum (house # 1 in Figure 1).</p> <p>Reuben Brown (c. 1734-1794) and Elinor Youngs, his bride, were probably the third family to settle on the KeySpan property. About the time of their 1765 marriage they built the earliest portion of what is now known as the Hallock homestead (house # 8 in Figure 1). Brown sold his house and farm to the Hallock family sometime in the late1790 s. The house was then just a simple story-and-a-half structure that is almost totally hidden by latter construction.</p> <p>In addition to the Howells, Swezeys and Browns, there was at least one other family living on the current KeySpan property by end of the Revolution. David Tuthill had a story-and-a-half house that stood on Sound Avenue a little east of the Museum complex (house # 10 in Figure 1). Sometime in the 1780 s, Capt. Zachariah Hallock bought Tuthill s house, and moved his family there. An interesting family anecdote was passed down about one of his sons carrying coals for a fire down from their previous house closer to the Sound. Zachariah occupied this house until his death, when an inventory indicates it was a seven-room story-and-a-half structure. The house was occupied through the 19th century by members of the Hallock family, but was probably demolished about 1904.</p> <p>Not much is known about David Tuthill. Military records indicate that a 19-year-old David Tuthill served in a local regiment of Minutemen in 1776. Later in the war he was a crewmember on a privateer, The Confederacy, operated out of Connecticut. The house may have been relatively new when Zachariah Hallock bought it, since Tuthill was not listed in either the 1776 or the 1778 census of the area. If the military records are correct about Tuthill s age, it seems most likely that he built the house after the Revolution, when he would have been in his mid-20 s. <a href="#tabcont">Return to Table of Contents</a></p> <a name="sec04"></a><h1>The American Revolution at Hallockville</h1> <p>At the time of the Revolution, there were four families in or near the area later considered Hallockville. Reuben Brown (1734-1794) and his wife Elinor (Youngs) were living in the oldest part of what is now called the Hallock Homestead. Richard Swezey lived on the parcel just to the east, but his house was set well back from Sound Avenue by the long-disappeared pond. To his east, just past the current Riverhead-Southold town line, Richard Howell s grandson, Jonathan Howell, was living in the family house, also set well back from Sound Avenue. And, a little further east, the Hallock family, including Zachariah Hallock I (who would soon move to the farm just east of the Homestead), lived in William Hallock s old house on Hallock Lane.</p> <p>The conflict between Britain and its colonies escalated in 1774 as Parliament passed the Coercive Acts in response to the Boston Tea Party. These harsh laws caused open rebellion in many parts of America. Colonists began organizing and holding mass meetings. In New York, as this movement gained momentum, the colonists began forming local associations to take over the responsibilities of government from the Crown.</p> <p>Like most of the men in Suffolk County in 1775, Hallock, Brown, Howell and Swezey were all signers of the  Form of Association -- as were Zachariah Hallock s father and brothers. This declaration was a pledge of support to the Continental Congress. Signers also expressed their shock at recent events in Massachusetts Bay, their opposition to British efforts to raise revenue in America and their resolve  never to become slaves. The North Fork appears to have been something of a hotbed of revolutionary sentiment. There were very few men who refused to sign.</p> <p>Brown, Howell and Hallock also appear to have served together as enlisted men in the First Regiment of Militia Men  Suffolk County regiment of Minute Men in 1776, under the command of Colonel Josiah Smith. Captain Paul Reeves of Aquebogue and Lieutenants John Corwin and David Horton were probably their immediate commanders. We even learn from one of the muster rolls that Brown was 5 foot 10 inches tall, age 39, had a light complexion and that his  accoutrements were complete. Zachariah Hallock is listed as a sergeant in one of the rosters from that year. (He did not become a captain of the militia until the after the Revolution, in the 1790s.) The other neighbor, Richard Swezey was 85 years old in 1776 and obviously too old to serve.</p> <p>Unfortunately for the local patriots, the war did not go well on the Long Island. On August 27, 1776 the British defeated Washington at the Battle of Long Island (actually in Brooklyn), forced the American army to evacuate and quickly occupied the whole island. The occupation lasted for the duration of the war. Needless to say, conditions were not easy for ardent patriots under these conditions, and many thousands were forced to flee to Connecticut where they spent the war under miserable conditions as refugees.</p> <p>Howell was treated harshly by the British and their loyalist sympathizers. According to a journal kept by Orient native Augustus Griffin, in retaliation for some patriotic comments, Howell was tied to a tree and given three or four hundred lashes on his bare back  from which he barely survived. Along with many other Long Island supporters of the cause, Howell was forced to evacuate to Connecticut for the duration of the war. Like refugees in all wars, these  Refugees of 1776 suffered great hardships during their exile. Details of his exile are scarce, except that in 1777 Howell petitioned Connecticut authorities for permission to go over to Long Island, then behind enemy lines, to retrieve some flax and wool from his farm.</p> <p>Brown, like Howell, was forced to evacuate to Connecticut for the duration of the war. After serving as both a private and a sergeant in Colonel Smith s regiment of Minutemen, he may have served later in both Westchester and Connecticut, although the records are not clear. Surviving records show payments he made for the transportation of household goods and foodstuffs from Long Island to Guilford, Connecticut on September 26, 1776  just a month after the American defeat on the Battle of Long Island. He paid Capt. Jonathan Vaill [sic.] 18 shillings and 9 pence to transport  two bushel of wheat one load of houshold goods fore passengers. A month later, he paid Capt. Jno. Ingraham three shillings and eight pence  for transporting one barrel provisions two bushel wheat bundle of leather& one passage from Long Island to Guilford. Additional transportation expenses occurred in 1777.</p> <p>Brown had married just 11 years earlier, in 1765. When he was forced into exile, the homestead was probably barely a decade old. Presumably, the  fore passengers on Capt. Vail s boat included his wife Elinor, their eight-year old son David and their three-year-old daughter Elizabeth. By the time they were able to return for or five years later, their farm must have been in ruins. Indeed, it is possible that economic hardship resulting for the war led to the sale of the homestead to the Hallock family after Brown s death in 1792.</p> <p>It is not clear when Brown and Howell were able to return. Some refugees were able to return to the East End as early as 1780, but others did not make it home until 1783. At any rate, both families spent at least four years living in rather difficult conditions while their homes and farms went to ruin.</p> <p>What happened to the Hallock family during the war? This is less clear. Neither Zachariah or any of this brothers appear to have been forced into exile. None of them appear to have served in the Continental army or seen any other service for the cause besides their Minutemen enrollment in 1775. Perhaps his patriotism was less robust or less visible. At any rate, he and his family managed to coexist with the British occupation for the duration of the struggle.</p> <p>Not surprisingly, after the war, Hallock fared much better economically than the Brown and Howell families, eventually buying up much of the farmland in the area including the old Swezey and Brown places.</p> <p>No military actions occurred in the area before or during the British occupation of Long Island, which lasted for the duration of the war. However, many years later, Howell family descendants found a Hessian sword blade near a spring in the northeast corner of what is now Jamesport State Park. <a href="#tabcont">Return to Table of Contents</a></p> <a name="sec05"></a><h1>A Local Battle in the War of 1812</h1> <p>The only military action ever to occur near Hallockville took place in 1814, near the end of the War of 1812. The battle, actually more of a skirmish, started when local farmers were fishing with a seine net off of Luce s Landing, now the Iron Pier public beach at the end of Pier Avenue, early on a foggy June morning. When the fog lifted, they were surprised to spot a small American ship, which was in turn surprised to find itself dangerously close to a much-larger 74-gun double deck British frigate. The American sloop turned out to be the revenue cutter Nathan Hale, manned by a crew of Yale students. Finding themselves much out-gunned  they only had one small cannon  the Yale students rowed their ship to shore to escape the threat.</p> <p>The farmers tried to help the Yale students tow their ship east to Mattituck Inlet, the nearest safe harbor, but only succeeded in reaching a gully near the west edge of the KeySpan property before they were overtaken by the British ship. They beached the boat in the gully, carried the cannon to a high point on top of the cliffs at the west boundary of the KeySpan property and sent out an alarm to other local farmers. Hallock family legend has it that 10-year old Herman, a son of Zachariah II and grandson of Capt. Zachariah, was one of three riders sent Paul Revere-style on horseback to warn the neighboring farmers of the enemy vessel in the Sound.</p> <p>Local farmers rallied to their cliff-top redoubt. There, they and the Yalies held their own against the man-of-war for three days with only the small cannon, muskets and rapidly diminishing ammunition. At one point, the farmers, many of whom were excellent marksmen because of their hunting experience, repulsed a British landing party, allegedly inflicting severe casualties on the invaders. On the second morning, another British frigate appeared, eventually taking up a station near the shore directly north of the Hallock homestead in an attempt to rake the American positions from the side. A cannon ball from the first ship, stationed directly off shore, shot straight down the fence running along the west boundary of Jamesport State Park, destroying a long section and setting loose the farmers horses tied to it. Despite a heavy bombardment, none of the defenders were killed  perhaps because their lookouts watched diligently for the flash of cannon on the British ships, giving the defenders time to duck for cover before the balls arrived. The British used the combined barges of the two warships in another attempt to capture the cutter, but were again repulsed by the local defenders.</p> <p>On the third day, as American ammunition ran out, the British succeeded in capturing the cutter and towing it away. As Miss Bessie Hallock recorded in her  Autobiography of an Old House a century later:  Although a losing battle, it was fought valiantly for three days. The only physical evidence of this engagement are a few cannonballs later picked up in the fields, two of which are displayed in the Hallockville Museum s Hudson-Sydlowski house. <a href="#tabcont">Return to Table of Contents</a></p> <a name="sec06"></a><h1>Hallocks on the Land: A Nine-generation Story</h1> <p>Five old farmhouses stand on the Sound Avenue frontage of the KeySpan property, flanking both east and west the historic house and barns owned by the Hallockville Museum. Along with the homestead, the museum s  catalogue house and its staff house and three more structures nearby, the eleven houses are referred to as  Hallockville because all of them (or their predecessors) were built or inhabited by members of the Hallock family in the 19th century. Together these houses tell a remarkable two-century-long story about how family patriarchs looked out for their children by providing them with homes and farms  generally at the time of their marriage -- and at the same time kept their offspring nearby and under parental control. This part of the story started with Capt. Zachariah Hallock (1749-1820), the father, grandfather or great-grandfather of the builders of all the Hallockville homes.</p> <p>But, the story really starts four generations earlier, shortly after the 1661 first Aquebogue Division when William Hallock ( -1684) moved to his new land in the wilderness and built the first home in the area, on what is now Hallock Lane. William s oldest son Thomas lived there, followed by Thomas s oldest son, Zerubabel, 1st (1696-1761), followed by his oldest son, Zerubabel, 2nd (1722-1800). All apparently lived on Hallock Lane and are buried in the Mattituck cemetery. Indeed second Zerubabel s grave in the northwest corner of that cemetery is one of the most spectacular examples of early gravestone carving in the area.</p> <p>The Zerubabel s went on for another three generations, and their descendants continued to live on Hallock Lane until the mid-20th century  nine generations in all. But, the story of the immediate neighborhood of the Hallockville museum  shall we call it  Hallockville proper  really begins with Capt. Zachariah. He was the fourth son in a family of six sons and three daughters. Most likely, he needed to move out from the old homestead to find a place of his own.</p> <p>About 1780, Capt. Zachariah acquired the old Swezey house (#1 in Figure 1) and became the first member of the Hallock family to live in the area that much later became part of the KeySpan property. His nearest neighbors would have been Jonathan Howell to the east and Reuben Brown to the west. Capt. Zachariah had served with both in the Minutemen, but had not joined the  Refugees of 1776 in Connecticut. Perhaps his patriotism was not quite as fervent as Brown s or Howell s.</p> <p>The 150 acres that Capt. Zachariah acquired from the Swezeys in 1780 ran across the northern half of the Hallock farm behind the museum and the farms to the east and west (see Figure 1). The old Swezey house was on the southern edge of that property. A few years later, Zachariah acquired a larger home from David Tuthill on Sound Avenue just to the east of Reuben Brown s house (the current museum) and moved there (house # 10 in Figure 1). By the time of his death in 1820, Capt. Zachariah acquired all of the western two-thirds of the KeySpan property except for the western-most farm, as well as extensive property south of the road and elsewhere (see Hallock holdings in Figure 1).</p> <p>In 1801, Capt. Zachariah acquired the old Brown homestead from his brother Ezra (who had bought it from the Brown family a few years earlier), and settled his son Zachariah II there with his new bride (house # 8 in Figure 1). He settled the second son, John, around the time of the latter s marriage in 1806, in a new house west of Zachariah II (house # 5 in Figure 1). This house stood between houses later built for John s owns sons, but disappeared sometime in the 19th century. When his third son, Bethuel, married in 1813, Capt. Zachariah also settled him in a new house just to the east of the museum, part of which was incorporated into the 1840 s house that became the Trubisz family home in the 20th century (house # 9 in Figure 1). This house was demolished about 2002.</p> <p>In turn, each of Captain Zachariah s three children managed to provide farms for all their sons, generally about the times of their marriages. Between them, they provided ten homes. Bethuel (1790-1866) had four sons. He acquired additional property and built the small house (just over 500 square feet) just east of his own for his third son, Joseph Edwin, who in 1835 was the first to marry (house # 11 in Figure 1). This house was demolished about 2002.</p> <p>When this son Bethuel Evander Hallock (1814-1861) married neighbor Elizabeth Terry Hudson in 1837, Bethuel the father built an equally small house across the street for the young couple (house # 17 in Figure 1). Bethuel Evander Hallock only lived there about 10 years before he moved to the new port that James Tuthill laid out on Peconic Bay and euphoniously named  James Port (now South Jamesport). That house, very similar in size, still stands on South Jamesport Avenue, the second house south of Third Street on the East side. Bethuel became the captain of a schooner that made frequent trips out of Jamesport in the 1840 s. After he died in 1841, his widow moved back to the house on Sound Avenue. In the 1980 s, Robert Entenmann acquired the property and donated the house to the Hallockville Museum. It was moved to its current location behind the museum barn to serve as a staff cottage.</p> <p>Bethuel (the father) remarried in 1837 and soon moved to his new wife s farm a mile east near Bergen Avenue in what was referred to then as  West Mattituck. When he moved to Mattituck, he sold his house to a nephew, John Franklin Hallock. At the same time, he sold to his son Joseph Edwin the adjacent farm, apparently containing the house he had recently built for him on that property.</p> <p>John also had four sons. Three had houses surrounding their father s house. The 1850 Caleb Hallock house ( # 4 in Figure 1) stood until it was demolished about 2002. The 1841 Daniel Wells Hallock house, is still standing in 2008, but in very poor condition to the west of the museum (house #6 in Figure 1). The Hallockville Museum s Cichanowicz farmhouse (once thought to be a Sears Catalogue House) is a ca. 1930 replacement for the third house, which was built about 1832 for son Isaiah and burned in 1915 (house # 7 in Figure 1). John s fourth son, John Franklin, ultimately moved into his Uncle Bethuel s old house, just east of the museum on KeySpan property (house # 9 in Figure 1), when the latter moved to West Mattituck. The entire story-and-a-half front part of that house was most likely built after John Franklin moved there, burying Bethuel s original house in the back right corner.</p> <p>Zachariah II did equally well by his two sons. In 1827 he bought a 130-acre farm about a mile to the west. At first, he settled his oldest son Herman, who was newly married, on that farm in a house that stood until recently on the corner of Pier Avenue and Sound Avenue. Parts of that house are incorporated into the author s own house. The other son, Zachariah III, remained on the home farm. In 1845, the two brothers exchanged houses for reasons no one has been able to discern. Herman came back to live in the old homestead and Zachariah III moved to the west house. Both brothers soon vastly expanded and modernized their houses, raising the roofs and changing the profiles considerably.</p> <p>The process continued into the fourth generation, although on a more limited basis. In 1859 Joseph Edwin s son, Eugene, built a large house just to the east of his father s (house # 12 in Figure 1). This is now the eastern-most house still standing on the KeySpan property. Herman s son, David Halsey, took over the old homestead, but the other two brothers left the area. John Franklin s only surviving son, also named John, moved into the old Tuthill house (house # 10) that his great-grandfather Capt. Zachariah Hallock had occupied from the 1780 s until his death in 1820. A mile to the west, Herman s brother Zachariah left his house to his son Henry Lewis. Another son, George Wilson, ended up with a new house across the street from his father and a daughter, Matilda Keziah, married Sheldon R. Downs, who built a new house on his family s property within sight of both of their parent s houses.</p> <p>Perhaps the best-documented example of a father providing a home for his fourth-generation son occurred in 1878. That year the local paper reported that John s son Isaiah was  building a dwelling house for his son [Lemuel Beecher] Hallock located on Herrick Road. That house, which was within sight of Isaiah s own house, is also still standing, having recently been converted into the Red Barn B&B (house # 15 in Figure 1). Like most of the Hallocks of his generation, L. Beecher Hallock eventually gave up farming. By the time the Hallock Genealogy was published in 1926, he was listed as  a general helper and handy man. </p> <p>Isaiah Hallock also apparently provided homes for his other two sons. The oldest surviving son, George C. Hallock (1842-1927), received a farm about 1,000 feet to the west of his father s house on land that now constitutes the farthest west portion of the KeySpan property (house # 3 in Figure 1). George C. probably lived in a house built about 1800 by Jonathan Howell (1771  1832), son of the Revolutionary War era Jonathan who lived on the east side of the Hallocks. Mrs. John Kujawski now (2008) lives in a 20-th century home on the site. Isaiah s youngest son, William Fillmore Hallock, received his father s old place (house # 7), the predecessor of the  catalogue house now owned by the museum.</p> <p>In some cases, the pattern continued into the fifth generation, most notably in the old homestead where the last Hallock lived until 1979. Similarly, just to the east John Hallock s son, John Morse Hallock succeeded his grandfather in the old Bethuel Hallock house (house # 9) about 1886. John Morse became locally famous for raising fine racing horses. However, that business may have led to his financial ruin, as he sold the farm in 1907 and moved to New Jersey where he became a  factory operative, in the words of the Hallock Genealogy.</p> <p>The story was quite different for daughters. Although Capt. Zachariah had seven daughters, none received land from their father. The custom of buying or providing a farm for sons did not carry through to providing a farm for daughters or sons-in-law. For instance, one of Capt. Zachariah s daughters, Elizabeth, married Jonathan Howell, of the Howell family just to the east. Jonathan and Elizabeth ended up living just west of her father s land on the western-most farm that made up the KeySpan property, as mentioned above (house # 3 in Figure1). However, Howell bought the property himself rather than receiving it as a gift from his father-in-law. Two more of Capt. Zachariah s daughters also married local farmers, but again did not receive farms from their father. The other four daughters moved to either New York City or Brooklyn (two with their husbands and two with their married sisters). Similar fates apparently befell the daughters in the next generation.</p> <p>This pattern of not providing farms for daughters and sons-in-law was still holding strong two generations later. Caleb Hallock, one of John s sons, had only one child, a daughter Adeline who married Joseph Woodhull in 1862. In 1866, Woodhull bought the farm adjacent to this father-in-law from the latter s brother, Daniel Wells Hallock (# 6 in Figure 1), who in turn moved to a farm in Aquebogue. Joseph and Adeline never received any property from her father, although Woodhull worked his farm together with his father-in-law next door. After Woodhull s untimely death in 1872, both farms soon passed out of the family.</p> <p>Similarly, David Halsey Hallock sold property to his daughter, Eula, and son-in-law Charles Wells rather than giving it to them, as had been the custom for so many Hallock sons. In 1903 David Halsey Hallock detached the no-longer-needed 1860 wing from the west side of the homestead and moved it across the street to the farmland he owned on the south side of Sound Avenue, where it formed the core of a new house (# 16 in Figure 1). In 1907 he sold that property to his daughter, Eula, and son-in-law, Charles Wells. They had married in 1891 and lived on West Lane and further west on Sound Avenue before purchasing this farm. Presumably there was a barn on the property or David Halsey Hallock had one built. Charles Wells built a second barn on the property in 1907. Charles and Eula lived here until about 1917 when they sold the farm. The house burned to the ground in 1938, when it belonged to the Zimnoski family. Two barns survive from Charles and Eula's farm and have been restored by Martha Clara Vineyards.</p> <p>At one time or another, at least fourteen Hallock houses stood in the area called  Hallockville. Of these, six are still standing -- the museum homestead (house # 8), the Eugene Hallock house (#4, recently restored in 2008), the Bethuel  Jr. house (# 17) now located behind the homestead barn, the Daniel Wells Hallock house (#11, in serious disrepair in 2008), the Red Barn B&B on Herrick s Lane (#15) and the John Hallock house that is now part of Jen s nursery in Mattituck (recently restored in 2008).</p> <p>The Isaiah/William Fillmore house (#7) burned down in 1915 and was eventually replaced by the Cichanowicz house, the Charles and Eula [Hallock] Wells house (# 16) that once stood across the street on property now owned by Martha Clara Vineyards and burned down in 1938, the George C. Hallock house (# 3) near the southeast corner of the KeySpan property was replaced by current Kujawski house in the early 20th century. Three more houses were demolished in 2002 by KeySpan (#s,6,9, and 12) as they had deteriorated to such a point that they were safety hazards.</p> <p>This still leaves three other early Hallock houses unaccounted for  Capt. Zachariah s original house he acquired in 1780 by the pond northeast of the museum (#1), the former Tuthill house on Sound Avenue that he moved down to latter in the 1780 s (# 10) and the house built for his son John about 1806 (#5).</p> <p>At one point in his research, the author thought he had located Capt. Zachariah s second house (# 10 in Figure 1). According to a newspaper clipping from 1907,  The remaining portion of John Hallock s house has been purchased by John G. Reeve and moved to a site east of Reeve s [who lived in what is now the west house at Jen s Nursery in Mattituck] where it was to be  put in order. Four generations of Hallocks in a row were all named  John  causing considerable confusion. However, the  John referred to in the article is most likely the one who lived just east of the Bethuel Hallock house and was married to  Aunt Francis Hallock whose cute Victorian washhouse stood behind the location of the house as was moved to the Museum in 2003 and restored.</p> <p>Since John lived in Capt. Zachariah s old house, it seemed possible that structure had been the one moved a mile or so east in 1907. However, examination of the building (now the much-altered core of the eastern-most of the two old houses currently occupied by Jen s Nursery) indicates that is was built in the middle decades of the 19th century. Most likely it was an addition to (or possibly replacement for) Capt. Zachariah s old house that John built sometime after his marriage in 1854. Probably this then-relatively-new structure was the only part of John s house thought worth saving in 1907.</p> <p>At their peak in the third quarter of the 19th century, the Hallocks occupied nine or ten houses along the Sound Avenue frontage of the KeySpan property. In 1814, according to a tally prepared by Miss Ella Hallock, there were four Hallocks living there, with Howell relatives on each side. An 1858 map shows eight Hallocks in a row in the area. An 1873 map shows eleven houses along the frontage of the Riverhead part of the KeySpan property. Of these, six were labeled as Hallock houses, two are unlabeled, but were likely occupied by Hallocks and a Hallock son-in-law occupied another. By 1896, as family members gradually died off or moved away, the number was down to six Hallock houses. By 1909, there were only three, two of which belonged to Hallock widows. By the time David Halsey Hallock died in 1939 at 101, the only Hallocks left were his three unmarried children living in the old homestead.</p> <p>Even more remarkable, grandchildren and great-grandchildren of Capt. Zachariah owned all of the KeySpan property except for the two farms furthest east. Of these farms, the very eastern-most 30 acres originally was part of William Hallock s two lots in the First Aquebogue Division of 1661. The next 60 acres westward, although never owned by a Hallock, was owed by the Howells, who were of course Hallock descendents. <a href="#tabcont">Return to Table of Contents</a></p> <a name="sec07"></a><h1>Archaeological Sites, Ponds and the Shoreline</h1> <p>Clearly, the house sites on the KeySpan property harbor a lot of interesting archaeological evidence about the early history of the area. The Vetter and Salwen  Archaeological Reconnaissance commissioned by LILCO included four test excavations around the 1813 Bethuel Hallock house (# 9 in Figure 1). The archaeologists were excited to find  relatively undisturbed stratigraphy with ceramics specimens they could easily date from about 1760 to 1840. Although they did not do any excavations around the other historic houses on the property, they concluded  the visibly undisturbed condition of the area and the known and documented antiquity of the existing historic structures insures the presence of important subsurface archaeological materials throughout the Historic District [i.e., around the farmsteads along Sound Avenue]. </p> <p>Vetter and Salwen were apparently unaware that there are four additional house sites with potential 17th, 18th century and early-19th century archaeological material. Indeed, the discovery of these other four house sites was the biggest surprise for the author as he commenced research on the project. The oldest of these was the location of the 1678 Richard Howell house on the far eastern boundary of the KeySpan property (# 2 in Figure 1) -- in an area that also apparently contains pre-historic artifacts.</p> <p>Next oldest was the c. 1718 Richard Swezey home that Capt. Zachariah Hallock likely occupied briefly in the early 1780 s (# 1 in Figure 1) in the middle of the fields to the northeast of the museum. The third-oldest was the Tuthill house that Capt. Zachariah moved to later in the 1780 s and occupied until his death in 1820 (house # 10). And finally, the house built about 1806 by John Hallock, one of Capt. Zachariah Hallock s sons, that stood between the Caleb Hallock and Daniel Wells Hallock houses to the west of the museum property (house # 5). That area also appears to be relatively undisturbed and could be a good archaeological site.</p> <p>The Vetter and Salwen archaeological survey concluded:  It is extremely important that no activities be permitted within this sensitive zone [around the houses] that would disturb or destroy the value of the LILCO portion of the [Sound Avenue] Historic District as an archaeological site. Interestingly, the two anthropologists did not feel strongly about the preservation of the houses themselves.</p> <p>Hallock s Pond, which sits 71 feet above sea level, and the smaller Lilly Pond to the east are both  perched ponds. They are not spring fed. Instead, they sit on a thick layer of impervious clay deposited by the Wisconsin glacier. The clay prevents rainwater from percolating down to the water table far below, thus creating the ponds. Such  perched ponds are relatively common on Long Island, with others existing to the east in Mattituck and elsewhere. This pond, however, must have some connection to the ground water table. It was used for irrigation in the 1950 s and 60 s, but despite pumping water all summer, the water level dropped barely six inches according to one of the farmers involved.</p> <p>The pond was an important part of the Hallock family farm. They always referred to it as the  farm pond. It was part of Capt. Zachariah Hallock s first purchase in 1780, although his house was by another pond further east and south that has since disappeared. He undoubtedly used both ponds for watering livestock and similar purposes. When he died in 1820, he was very careful in his will to run the dividing line between property left to his sons Zachariah and John through this pond so that both could have access to it. In 1838, John Hallock in turn sold a 3-rod wide strip across the top of his property to a neighbor to the west so that he could also have access to the pond for watering cattle. Although the third son, Bethuel, did not get access to Hallock s Pond, his portion of his father s estate included two other ponds  Lilly Pond up in the hills and the now-mostly-disappeared pond further south where his father, Capt. Zachariah, first lived.</p> <p>In 1851 the Hallocks laid a lead pipeline from their pond down to the homestead  providing running water for both house and barn. The Hallocks were particularly happy to have plentiful soft water available for washing, since well water was quite hard, in addition to being a long way down. The house sits about 10 feet lower than the pond. The slope of the land made the pipeline feasible without any pumping. According to family account books, the project cost $503.12, a large sum in those days. Unfortunately, the pipe was too small and quickly became clogged. The Hallocks dug it up and sold it as lead scrap during the Civil War.</p> <p>The Hallocks used the pond as a source of ice in the second half of the 19th century. Family records indicate that they had an icehouse at the pond in 1861. Later, they brought ice down to an icehouse behind the barn, where it was stored under straw for use in warm weather. The pond was not a direct source of food for the family, although it apparently contained catfish, perch, goldfish and eels. However, the Hallocks used the boggy areas just to the east of the pond to grow cranberries well into the 20th century.</p> <p>The pond also played a role in family recreation. Early 20th century photographs show it as the beautiful sylvan setting of summer picnics and strolls. In the winter, it was a great place for ice-skating. It was also apparently the source of some tragedy. According to a 1980 interview with Ella Hallock, at least three boys drowned there over the years  either in ice skating or swimming accidents.</p> <p>Water sources were also an important part of the landscape for the Howell family on the eastern portion of the KeySpan property. As indicated above, Richard Howells first house was near a low spot where water still stands seasonally and where the water table is presumably near the surface. According to the story told the author by Alice Downs, a descendant of the Howells and one of the landowners who sold out to Levon Properties in the 1960 s, there is a spring on the north part of the Howell property, more or less in the middle of the wooded area. When the property was divided between family members in the mid-19th century, the north part of the dividing line was curved eastward to provide both sides with access to that spring for watering their livestock. Later, when the spring became less important, Chauncey P. Howell (1845-1920) paid his cousin next door on the west $100 to straighten the line.</p> <p>The Howell spring still exists (in 2008), in thick underbrush a few hundred feet from the east boundary of Jamesport State Park. It emerges at from the ground about 500 feet south of the cliff line, and flows into a gully going northward towards the Sound. However, before it reaches the beach, it disappears back into the sand.</p> <p>Family records also show that the Hallocks made significant use of the Sound beach. The lane running towards the Sound between the museum property and the Bethuel Hallock house is mentioned in deeds and wills as early as 1820. It provided important access to the Sound shore. The rocky, exposed shoreline was not suitable for shipping agricultural produce. However, the Hallocks, like many of their neighbors, probably shipped cordwood to the New York market in the early 19th century from a landing near the east side of the KeySpan property that was accessible down a gully by wagon.</p> <p>The Hallocks took full advantage of the Sound s maritime bounty. As the account of the 1814 battle demonstrates, they were active fishermen. David Halsey Hallock s diary for 1855 contains accounts for the fishing company that engaged in large-scale fishing from the Sound shore. The catch was mostly used for fertilizer, playing a key role in restoring the fertility of easily depleted Long Island soils. Choice fish undoubtedly made it to the family tables where they constituted an important portion of the diet. An 1873 newspaper account mentions that Isaiah Hallock had recently caught  100,000 bunkers in a small net at the Sound while his cousin next door, David Halsey Hallock, caught 52  fine Spanish mackerel in his net. <a href="#tabcont">Return to Table of Contents</a></p> <a name="sec08"></a><h1>Polish Immigrant Farmers Achieve Success</h1> <p>The most significant story of the first half of the 20th century was the influx of Polish immigrants who began arriving in the area around the turn of the century. Often they worked first as farm laborers, saving up enough money to eventually buy farms of their own. By the middle of the 20th century, most of the land now owned by KeySpan was farmed by families of Polish descent. Typical of these Polish farmers was Konstanty Cichanowicz. He came to America as a young man in 1902. He was employed for a few years on a local farm, and then moved to Glen Cove where he was an estate manger. Along the way, he met and married Adele Lipnicka, who was also born in Poland. In 1923 they bought the farm just west of the museum complex.</p> <p>The old Isaiah Hallock house on the farm had burned down that had burned down in 1915. The Cichanowiczes initially lived in a small outbuilding. But, by about 1930, the hard-working family had saving enough money to build the four-square farmhouse that that now is part of the museum complex (on the site of house #7 in Figure 1). Konstanty farmed the property successfully until his death in 1944. His children and grandchildren continued to farm that property and land across the street and eventually leased most of the eastern portion of the KeySpan property.</p> <p>One by one, all of the old Hallock farms were either acquired or taken over by Kujawskis, Trubiszes, Celics, Naugles, Cichanowiczes and Romanowskis. These families all worked hard and became successful farmers. Like the Hallocks before them, in most cases they passed their farms for two or three subsequent generations. In the end, their run on the property may be as long as was the Hallocks . In the 2003, members of John and Raymond Kujawski were able to buy back the western portion of the KeySpan-owned agricultural land that their family had sold years earlier, but had been farming ever since.</p> <p>Typically, the first generation worked hard and acquired the farm and made a success of the operation. Generally, the next generation also stayed on the farm, with the third generation often moving on to other occupations.</p> <p>A typical Polish immigrant success story is that of Kazimierz Trubisz. He was born in 1885 in Pietrylowicze, Poland, a small town near Vilna in an area that was then part of the Russian Empire, but is now in Belarus. In 1910, the 25-year-old  Kasimir Trubisch arrived at Ellis Island on the SS Cleveland from Hamburg with only a few dollars in his pockets. Immigration records indicate that his father funded the trip. Young Trubisz soon changed his first name to  Charles. </p> <p>Charles worked on a Young family farm in Aquebogue for a few years. Then, at the suggestion of Mr. Young, he bought the farm just east of the Hallock Homestead in 1918. This farm had been in successive generations of the Hallock family since Capt. Zachariah Hallock acquired it in the late 18th century. But, John Morse Hallock, the last of the Hallock line to live there, appears to have gone bankrupt  perhaps because of his addiction to fancy horses and fancy living. He sold the farm in 1908 and moved to New Jersey, where according to the family genealogy he became a  factory operative. His possessions were sold at auction. The initial buyer of the farm held it for only a few years before selling it in 1912 to Halsey W. Hallock, who lived next door with his father David Halsey Hallock in the old Hallock Homestead.</p> <p>Halsey W. Hallock held the farm for only a few years before in turn selling it to Charles Trubisz. According to oral family history, the Hallocks were very impressed by the industrious young Polish immigrant. The Hallocks however, did not hold the mortgage. Instead, the $7,000 mortgage was held by a professional mortgage lender in Huntington.</p> <p>Interestingly, Frank Cichanowicz (brother of Konstanzy), who grew up in the same little town in Poland, just a couple of farms away, purchased the farm across the street on the same day, using the same lawyer and the same mortgage lender. Obviously, the Trubisz and Cichanowicz families were recreating a bit of the old country on Sound Avenue.</p> <p>Trubisz, then a eligible bachelor in his mid-30 s, moved into the old Bethuel Hallock house, much enlarged and modernized by John M. Hallock in the late 19th century. He starting holding parties in the grand house, and soon met Stephanie Anderson (nee Andruszkiewicz) the daughter of another Polish immigrant family who lived just down the street. Charles and Stephanie married in 1919. She was 19, he was 35 years old. Their first son, Charles was born a little more than a year later, but lived only four months.</p> <p>In the years just after World War I, agricultural prices were high and times were good for farmers. Amazingly, Trubisz was able to pay off his mortgage by 1921, the same year his only surviving son Antone was born. Two years later, in 1923 Charles becomes a US citizen. In 1926 a daughter Irene was born. A second daughter Margaret was born in 1930, but died the following year. And finally, the youngest daughter Theresa was born in 1933.</p> <p>Then tragedy struck the family. In 1936, Charles was hospitalized from overwork. His wife Stephanie took over the farm operation and became not only a successful farmer in her own right, but also the second largest sprout grower on Long Island. Their son Antone left school at age 13 to help on the farm.</p> <p>During World War II, Antone was exempt from the draft due to his essential work as a farmer. After the lean years of the Great Depression, these were again prosperous years for farmers in the area. In 1942, Antone Trubisz married Jean Cierach. Since Stephanie was still living in the  Big House the young couple moved into  Little House on the farm, a very modest building of about 600 square feet that had once been the washhouse of  Aunt Francis Hallock, the mother of John M. Hallock. The young couple soon had a son and a daughter, but continued to live in the four-room house until 1953.</p> <p>After Charles Trubisz died, Stephanie married the church organist and moved to town. However, she didn t give the farm to her son. Rather she forced him to purchase it from her, and even charged him for the family milk cow! Antone moved his family into the  Big House and continued to farm up to 1967 when he, along with neighboring farmers, sold their land for the Riverhead Harbor Industrial Park project. The Trubisz family moved to Riverhead.</p> <p>Completing the typical story of this successful immigrant family, Antone s son, Anthony Jr. went from his upbringing on the family farm to a career in the utility industry that led, eventually, to his becoming CEO of Columbia Gas of Virginia.</p> <p>The Trubisz  Big House was demolished in 2002, but two buildings from the farm were salvaged and moved to the Hallockville Museum the following year: The Trubisz  Little House and the Trubisz Sprout House. Both were restored by the museum and dedicated at a gala picnic in 2008 sponsored by Anthony Trubisz, Jr for family members and all the descendants of their Polish immigrant neighbors. <a href="#tabcont">Return to Table of Contents</a> </p> <a name="sec09"></a><h1>A Side Business for Some Farmers: Prohibition and Rum Running</h1> <p>In a minor diversion from their farming, some of the families living on the KeySpan property during prohibition engaged in a little rum running operation. They even constructed a primitive inclined railway on the north end of George Naugles s farm that made it easier to haul cases of bootleg liquor up the steep cliffs, where it was loaded into fast cars for delivery to a thirsty New York City market. An accident with a cable that operated the lifting mechanism resulted in the death of one of the farmers. His obituary listed the cause of death as a  heart attack  but didn t mention the proximate cause  beheading by cable.</p> <p>As part of this operation, George s brother Stanley owned a small plane, a 1931 Brunner-Winkle BIRD. It was an open cockpit biplane with a 35-foot wingspan. Naugles used it to meet boats waiting beyond the three-mile limit and drop messages as to whether or not it was safe to approach the shore. The plane, which had a payload capacity of 1,000 pounds, was also used to make deliveries as far away as Boston. Top flying speed was only 85 miles per hour, so that must have been quite a trip.</p> <p>Remarkably, the plane still survives. John Talmage of Bating Hollow acquired it about 1981 and has completely restored it back to original condition, except that it is now red instead of blue. For a 2005 dinner at the Naugles barn thanking KeySpan for donating farmland to the museum, Talmage flew the plane to Hallockville and landed it on a mowed strip of field behind the barn. After enjoying the dinner, when he went to return, the compressed air starter failed to start the plane. Undaunted, Talmage hopped out and used the propeller blade to  whip start the engine while spectators held the tail down to keep the plane from taking off without him.</p> <p>The Naugles hanger also still survives, the small building on the south-west corner of Herrick s Lane and Sound Avenue. According to Naugles family lore, when their old barn burned down in 1936 at the height of the Great Depression, the profits from the rum-running operation allowed them to build the handsome new barn now owned by the Hallockville Museum. After George Naugles house (the old Caleb Hallock house, #3 in Figure 1) was abandoned following its purchase by Levon Properties, a cache of gin labels was found in an upstairs bedroom closet. This was typical Prohibition practice. A rum runners like the Naugles family brought in unlabeled bottles of generic alcohol  and then attached labels for Gin, Vodka or whatever their customers had ordered! <a href="#tabcont">Return to Table of Contents</a> </p> <a name="sec10"></a><h1>The Farmscape and Woodlands of the KeySpan Property</h1> <p>The heart of the KeySpan property is the 320-plus acres of farmland. Most of it is prime, relatively level and highly productive soil, although the quality of the land lessens towards the terminal moraine along the Sound shore. It was this productive land that first brought the Howells, Swezeys, Browns, Tuthills and Hallocks to the property in the late-17th and18th centuries. In the 20th century, the same productivity brought the Kujawskis, Trubiszes, Celics, Naugels and Cichanowiczes.</p> <p>The KeySpan holding was divided into nine family farms for much of the latter 19th and early 20th centuries (see old farm boundaries indicated on Figure 1), with each farm averaging a little under 55 acres. Six of the hedgerows that once divided farm from farm still survive on the eastern half of the property. Each follows the historic pattern of  eleven o clock lines first established in the 17th century. Both the west and east boundaries of the property, as well as one of the internal hedgerows, follow lines laid out in the late 17th century. Most of the rest of the hedgerows that still form some of the most prominent features of the KeySpan property landscape are on lines laid out in the 18th early-19th centuries as the farmland boundaries were reconfigured by successive generations of Hallocks and Howel